Hardness is a property of the material which opposes the penetration of foreign body in its structure (or surface). Information about material hardness are necessary when it comes to manual or machine processing. Tools always need to be harder than the material that is being processed. We cannot cut metal objects with wooden saw.
Hardest natural material on Earth is diamante and we use it to sharpen grinding wheels. Its resilience to scratching, processing is unmatched. Grinding wheels are harder than hardened steel and are used to sharpen various tools. Graphene is currently the strongest, thinnest and lightest material the world ever seen, and devices such as phones and tablets that would be made from it would be the best. For that reason the information that European Union approved 1.35 billion dollars to Finland Nokia for research of this material in the next 10 years is not surprising.
10SPIDERS‘ SILK
Darwin bark spiders silk is considered the toughest biological substance. It is ten times stronger than Kevlar.
09SILICON CARBIDE
Forms the basis of Chobham armor used I battle tanks. Highly effective – not one British Challenger tank was destroyed in Operation desert Storm.
08NANOSPHERES/ NANO-KEVLAR
Self-assembling nanospheres are the stiffest organic material ever created. It could lead to the development of printable body armor.
07DIAMOND
Diamond is the hardest natural material on Earth. It has unrivaled resistance to scratching.
06WURTZITE BORON NITRIDE
Material created during volcanic eruptions theoretically 18 percent hardest than diamond. However. Large enough quantities don’t exist to test this theory.
05LONSDALEITE
It formed when meteorites containing graphite hit earth. Simulations show it to be 58 percent harder than diamond but, again u’s too rare to rest to test it.
04DYNEEMA
High-performance polythene marketed as the strongest fiber in the world. Lighter than water, it can stop bullets and is 15 times stronger than steel.
03METALLIC GLASS
Palladium micro-alloy has the best combination of toughness and strength. It thought to be the most durable material on the planet.
02BUCKYPAPER
Nanotechnology material made from tube-shaped carbon molecules 50.000 times thinner than human hair, 500 times stronger than steel and 10 times lighter.
01GRAPHENE
One-atom-thick sheets of carbon that are 200 times stronger than steel. It would take an elephant balancing on pencil to break a sheet as thin as Saran wrap.
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